How PE-22-28 works
An experimental mood peptide studied in mice, with no human trials found.
Also called: PE 22-28, PE22-28, Mini-spadin, GVSWGLR.
Nootropic peptides · Shortened spadin analogue; experimental TREK-1 potassium-channel modulator · Evidence: Animal studies only.
TREK-1 is a channel that helps control how easily nerve cells fire. PE-22-28 can block it in lab tests. A mouse study also found channel activation at low doses, so its action is not simply more dose, more blockade. Human brain effects are unknown.
- TREK-1 / KCNK2: Blocks activated potassium currents in lab cells; low concentrations also activated resting currents in a later study.
- Brain-cell growth and connections: Mouse studies found more cell-division markers and connection-related proteins. This does not prove better human memory.
Half-life: Human half-life is unknown. The quoted 14-23 hours describes behavioral effects of modified analogues in mice, not PE-22-28 blood clearance.
Related to PE-22-28
- Semax: A Russian nasal peptide with limited human evidence for brain and nerve effects.
- Selank: A Russian nasal anxiety peptide with uncertain long-term benefit and safety.
- Dihexa: An experimental memory compound with disputed animal research and no established human dose.
- P21: An experimental memory peptide with animal research and no established human dose or safety profile.
- Cerebrolysin: An injectable pig brain mixture with mixed stroke, brain-injury and dementia evidence.
Sources
- 21 CFR 216.23 — Bulk drug substances that can be used to compound drug products in accordance with section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act., Office of the Federal Register · eCFR · 2026
- 503B Bulk Drug Substances List, FDA · FDA · 2026
- Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FDA · FDA · 2026
- Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act, FDA · FDA · 2026
- Cellulitis, NHS · NHS · 2026
- Medicines, European Medicines Agency · European Medicines Agency · 2026
- The 2026 Prohibited List, World Anti-Doping Agency · WADA · 2026
- Think twice before injecting peptides bought online: unauthorized products can seriously harm you, Health Canada · Health Canada · 2026
- Understanding your responsibilities when importing, compounding and supplying unapproved peptide products, Therapeutic Goods Administration · Therapeutic Goods Administration · 2026
- Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FDA · FDA · 2025
- Supply unlicensed medicinal products (specials), MHRA · 2025
- Anaphylaxis, NHS · NHS · 2023
- Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration
- Frequently Asked Questions About Suicide, National Institute of Mental Health
- Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Semaglutide Products Sold by Online Sellers Without a Prescription: Market Surveillance, Content Analysis, and Product Purchase Evaluation Study., Ashraf AR et al. · Journal of medical Internet research · 2024
Sources checked: 2026-10-18.
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