5-amino-1MQ: research
An experimental NNMT blocker with animal findings, no human dosing trials and uncertain risks.
Also called: 5-Amino-1MQ, 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, 5A1MQ, 5-AMQ, 5A-1MQ, 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium iodide, 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium chloride.
NNMT inhibitors · Small-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor · Evidence: Animal studies only.
Efficacy evidence is preclinical. One mixed-drug human harm vignette; no human dosing, PK or efficacy trials found.
Studies
- Obese mice: 11 days. animal, n=18, Male diet-induced obese mice. Weight and fat-pad mass fell in mice without a clear fall in food intake. (source)
- Aged mice after muscle injury. animal, 24-month-old mice with induced leg-muscle injury. An injury model in old mice showed better muscle regeneration. (source)
- Rat absorption and clearance. animal, n=5, Adult male Sprague Dawley rats; within-animal crossover.. Oral absorption was measurable in rats, not established in people. (source)
- Diet switch plus NNMT blockade. animal, Male obese mice switched to a lower-fat diet, with lean and obese diet controls. The combination outperformed diet change alone in mice. (source)
- Mouse microbiome after diet switch. animal, Obese mice receiving diet switch and 5-amino-1MQ; analysis linked to the earlier diet experiment. The microbiome pattern differed after combined diet change and NNMT blockade. (source)
- Aged female mice with exercise. animal, n=35, 22-month-old female mice. Grip strength improved, but other muscle measures did not uniformly improve. (source)
- Obese mice: dose and route study. animal, n=24, Male diet-induced obese mice; separate mouse PK cohorts. High-dose treatment limited further weight gain; it did not produce weight loss in this experiment. (source)
- Blood-vessel cells under stress. in-vitro, Cultured human endothelial cell lines; no people dosed. Blocking NNMT had a harmful signal in stressed blood-vessel cells. (source)
- Bladder-cancer models. animal, Bladder-cancer mouse models plus observational human tumor data. Cancer-model findings are preclinical, despite the use of human tissue datasets. (source)
- Age-related muscle-loss models. animal, D-galactose-treated young male mice and naturally aged female mice. Mouse muscle findings support further research, not a clinical sarcopenia treatment. (source)
- Mice with reduced limb blood flow. animal, n=24, Male BALB/cJ mice after hindlimb ischemia; human muscle datasets analyzed separately. Muscle function improved without evidence of better blood flow. (source)
- Kidney cells and organoids. in-vitro, Kidney cells and human stem-cell-derived kidney organoids; human biopsies analyzed separately.. 5-amino-1MQ findings concern cells and organoids; the animal drug was RT001. (source)
- Human illness after mixed injections. case-report, n=1, One adult man after multiple unapproved injections. One human mixed-exposure harm report exists; causation cannot be assigned to 5-amino-1MQ. (source)
5-amino-1MQ dosage
Typical reported dose: 25 mg twice a day by mouth (50 mg a day)
- Oral 50 mg, split twice: 25 mg morning and 25 mg early afternoon twice daily; 50 mg total per day, by mouth. Reported by users, common report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
- Oral guide: 50 then 75 mg: 50 mg daily for 1–2 weeks, then 75 mg daily if increased once daily, by mouth. Reported by users, occasional report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
- Small injections: 500–1000 mcg: 500–1000 mcg under the skin daily once daily, under the skin. Reported by users, occasional report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
- Daily 5 mg report: 5 mg under the skin each morning once daily in the morning, under the skin. Reported by users, occasional report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
- Injection guide: 10–30 mg: 10–30 mg under the skin daily once daily, under the skin. Reported by users, occasional report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
- High injection report: 100 mg: 100 mg under the skin daily once daily, under the skin. Reported by users, rare report. Studied in: Adults in online community reports; product contents and outcomes unverified. (source)
These are doses reported in labels, trials or user reports, not a personal plan. Check the source behind each one.
5-amino-1MQ side effects and risks
Reported side effects
- Stomach upset or nausea: Community reports; no controlled human rate., moderate. Stop and seek review if symptoms persist. (source)
- Injection stinging or skin bumps: Anecdotal reports; no measured rate., mild. Persistent redness, warmth or swelling needs assessment. (source)
- Dull or blunted emotions: One oral use report, more noticeable with higher doses., moderate. Stop and discuss new mood changes with a clinician. (source)
- Sleepiness: Reported in oral users and after 3 mg subcutaneous; frequency unknown., moderate. Avoid driving when sleepy and review new symptoms. (source)
- Frequent urination: One oral 50 mg report; identity and cause were unconfirmed., moderate. New persistent thirst or urination needs medical review. (source)
- Illness after mixed injections: One teaching case; compound specific causation and rates are unknown., serious. Seek urgent care for systemic illness or dark/low urine. (source)
Stop and get help if
- Dark urine or much less urine, especially with vomiting or muscle pain: Stop use and get urgent medical assessment.
- Breathing trouble, throat swelling, collapse or severe chest symptoms after an injection: Call emergency services now.
- Fever, shaking chills, rapidly spreading redness or feeling very ill after injection: Seek urgent care for possible infection or a contaminated injection.
Who should avoid it
- pregnant: Avoid exposure. Pregnancy safety and fetal effects have not been established.
- breastfeeding: Avoid exposure. Transfer into milk and infant safety are unknown.
- tryingToConceive: Fertility effects and a safe interval before conception are unknown.
- under18: No pediatric dosing or safety study was found.
- kidneyDisease: Human clearance and dose adjustment are unknown; kidney-model benefits do not establish safety in kidney disease.
- liverDisease: Human liver safety and dose adjustment are unknown. Improved mouse liver tests do not establish human safety.
- diabetes: Mouse glucose effects raise a theoretical interaction concern with diabetes medicines; the human effect is unknown.
- heartCondition: Stressed blood-vessel cells had lower viability with NNMT inhibition; clinical heart effects are unknown.
- psychiatricCondition: Mood blunting is anecdotal. A lab MAO-A signal raises an untested medication-interaction concern.
- activeCancer: Cancer experiments are not human cancer treatment evidence. Review use with the oncology team.
- surgeryPlanned: Tell the surgical team about use; no evidence-based stop interval or anesthesia interaction study was found.
- testedAthlete: S0 covers unapproved pharmacological drugs at all times. Applying that rule here is a class-rule interpretation.
Interactions
- Insulin and sulfonylureas: Additive glucose lowering is theoretical from mouse findings. No human interaction study supports a medicine-dose change.
- Serotonergic medicines: Lab MAO-A inhibition raises an untested interaction concern. Whether human exposure affects serotonin is unknown.
- MAO inhibitors and stimulants: A lab MAO-A signal warrants medicine review. This is not proof that 5-amino-1MQ acts as a clinical MAOI.
- GLP-1-based medicines: Users combine them, but added benefit, tolerability and effects on oral-drug absorption have not been tested in humans.
- Anticoagulants and medicines needing close level control: No human interaction study was found. Effects on anticoagulation, drug levels or oral absorption are unknown.
- Duplicate 5-amino-1MQ products: Capsules, blends and different salts may contain the same active molecule. Combining them can duplicate exposure.
Product quality risks
- No independent peer-reviewed survey of marketed 5-amino-1MQ products was found. Its mislabeling and contamination rates are unknown.
- FDA documented sterility failures at a facility making this compound. Its endotoxin-positive vial was NAD+, not 5-amino-1MQ.
- A user suspected a wrong ingredient after marked urination; no lab result confirmed a diuretic or counterfeit product.
- An HPLC purity percentage alone does not establish identity, milligrams per vial, sterility or freedom from bacterial toxins.
How 5-amino-1MQ works
It blocks NNMT, an enzyme that uses nicotinamide and a methyl donor called SAM. In fat cells, blocking it changed NAD+ and SAM levels and reduced fat storage. Whether this produces useful effects in people is unknown.
- NNMT: Reduces conversion of nicotinamide to 1-methylnicotinamide in experimental models.
- MAO-A: A lab screen found 67.4% inhibition at 10 µM. Human relevance is unknown.
Half-life: Human half-life is unknown. Rat terminal half-lives were 3.80 ± 1.10 h IV and 6.90 ± 1.20 h orally.
Gaps: No human dose-finding, efficacy, PK, food-effect or drug-interaction trial was found. One human teaching vignette involved several drugs and an error. It cannot establish single-compound toxicity or any studied dose maximum. No reliable clinician-published dose guideline was found outside sellers. No label, trial or clinical-practice protocols are included. Animal doses are not converted into human recommendations. Rat absorption and mouse absorption differ substantially. The 2024 metabolic paper says 28 days in its abstract and 30 days in methods. The study entry follows the methods. Mouse efficacy does not establish long-term organ safety, cancer risk, fertility effects or effects during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The lab MAO-A finding is not proof of clinically meaningful MAO inhibition; human exposure, interaction thresholds and washout times are unknown. Homocysteine targets, NAD+ testing and fixed lab schedules promoted online have not been validated for human 5-amino-1MQ use. Community prevalence labels describe this search sample, not population rates. nMentions is used only for individually counted reports. Oral-to-injection dose conversions, microdosing, cycling and combination benefits have not been tested in humans. The microbiome paper analyzes the earlier diet experiment and is not independent proof of weight-loss efficacy. No validated human-product storage temperature, stability in bacteriostatic water or post-mixing shelf life was found. No confirmed 5-amino-1MQ-specific product-testing survey, poison-center series or counterfeit-product analysis was found. 503A nomination history and any compound-specific PCAC decision remain unconfirmed; absence from categories is not a safety finding. EU, UK, Canadian and Australian conclusions are limited negative public searches. Possession, import and national exemptions were not fully resolved. The October 2026 Australian standard has no named entry; broader schedule coverage remains unresolved. WADA S0 is a class-rule interpretation here. No 5-amino-1MQ-specific anti-doping determination was located. The 2026 kidney paper used 5-amino-1MQ in cells and organoids, and RT001 in mice. Those animal findings must not be assigned to this molecule. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, conception and under-18 blocks are precautionary screens for missing safety data, not proven toxicity in these groups. The 10 mg oral comment and 1→2→2.5 mg injection progression lack explicit frequency; they remain reports, not complete dosing protocols. No tested human maximum exists for any route. Community doses cannot be compared with a human trial dose.
Related to 5-amino-1MQ
- Tirzepatide: A weekly GIP/GLP-1 injection with strong diabetes and weight-loss evidence and common stomach side effects.
- Retatrutide: An experimental weekly injection with phase 3 weight-loss results.
- Ipamorelin: An experimental peptide that triggers growth hormone release.
- NAD+ and precursors: NAD+ helps cells use energy; wellness injection benefits remain unproven.
- MOTS-c: A peptide the body makes; injection benefits and safety remain unproven.
- Tesamorelin: A peptide approved for deep abdominal fat in adults with HIV lipodystrophy.
5-amino-1MQ: the short version
Sources
- 21 CFR 216.23 — Bulk drug substances that can be used to compound drug products in accordance with section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act., Office of the Federal Register · eCFR · 2026
- Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, FDA · FDA · 2026
- GenoGenix LLC - 718739 - 01/20/2026, FDA · FDA · 2026
- July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee - 07/23/2026, FDA · FDA · 2026
- Medicines, European Medicines Agency · European Medicines Agency · 2026
- MHRA Products | Home, MHRA · MHRA · 2026
- Pyrogen and Endotoxins Testing: Questions and Answers, FDA · 2026
- The 2026 Prohibited List, World Anti-Doping Agency · WADA · 2026
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—October 2026) Instrument 2026, Australian Government · Australian Government · 2026
- Q6A Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances, FDA · FDA · 2000
- Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG), Therapeutic Goods Administration · TGA
- Drug Product Database: Access the database, Health Canada · Health Canada
- Poisoning, MedlinePlus / US National Library of Medicine
- Rhabdomyolysis, MedlinePlus / US National Library of Medicine
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Pearl of the Week ~ Unauthorized Injectable Peptides ~, University of Calgary Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · 2026
Sources checked: 2026-10-18.
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